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1.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 31(1): e30040425, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430134

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Head lice, or head pediculosis, is a parasitosis considered a serious public health problem that affects mainly resource-limited countries. Objective To describe epidemiological aspects of the pediculosis capitis in Minas Gerais, in Brazil. Method This systematic review was conducted through the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses (PRISMA). PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, as well as the gray literature, were searched. Results Nine of 1,167 studies were included, published between 1988 and 2019. These studies reported a total prevalence of parasitosis that ranged from 1.4% to 57.4%. The prevalence of head lice ranged from 0.0% to 66.7% for males and 2.3% to 57.4% for females, thus being higher in black-skinned people (1.4% to 40.3%). Regarding age, the highest prevalence was 10-12 years old (45.3%). As for the characteristics of the hair, there was a greater infestation in people with long (16.0% to 79.5%), wavy (0.0% to 44.7%), dark (0.0% to 36.6%), with low capillary density (35.4%), and thick hair (39.2%). Conclusion Head pediculosis affects both sexes, different ages, and races, representing an important health problem in Minas Gerais, not only due to the presence of ectoparasite but also to the secondary complications that can be generated from this parasitism.


Resumo Introdução A pediculose de cabeça é uma parasitose considerada um sério problema de saúde pública, afetando principalmente países com recursos limitados. Objetivo Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos da pediculose de cabeça em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método Revisão sistemática conduzida por meio dos padrões estabelecidos pelo Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses (PRISMA). Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, bem como a literatura cinza. Resultados Nove de 1.167 estudos foram incluídos, publicados entre 1988 e 2019. Relatou-se uma prevalência total da parasitose que variou de 1,4% a 57,4%. Ela variou de 0,0% a 66,7% para homens e 2,3% a 57,4% para mulheres, sendo maior em pessoas de cor negra (1,4% a 40,3%). Em relação à idade, a maior prevalência foi de 10 a 12 anos (45,3%). Quanto às características dos cabelos, houve maior infestação em pessoas com cabelos longos (16,0% a 79,5%), ondulados (0,0% a 44,7%), escuros (0,0% a 36,6%), com baixa densidade capilar (35,4%) e fios grossos (39,2%). Conclusão A pediculose atinge ambos os sexos, diferentes idades e raças, representando um importante problema de saúde em Minas Gerais, não só pela presença do ectoparasita, mas também pelas complicações secundárias que podem ser geradas desse parasitismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Parasitic Diseases , Lice Infestations , Public Health , Ectoparasitic Infestations , Arthropods , Demography , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(8): 4323-4339, 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1444277

ABSTRACT

To characterize the epidemiological dynamics of acquired syphilis and gestational syphilis in the state of Maranhão, between 2010 and 2021. Methods: Confirmed cases of acquired syphilis between 2010 and 2021 and of gestational syphilis between 2010 and 2020, in the state of Maranhão, available by the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) were analyzed. Results: The year 2018 had the highest number of reports of acquired syphilis (1.787 cases; p < 0.0001). The municipality of Duque Bacelar (East Mesoregion) had the highest incidence rate (285.5 per 100,000 inhabitants), for acquired syphilis, in the triennium 2016 to 2018. Regarding gestational syphilis, the year 2018 also stood out (1,892 cases; p < 0.0001) as the one with the highest number of records. The municipality of Buriticupu (West Mesoregion) had the highest detection rate of gestational syphilis (42.4 per 1,000 live births) in the biennium 2019 and 2020. Conclusions: The data presented showed municipalities with higher rates of acquired syphilis and gestational syphilis, concentrating located respectively in the East and West Mesoregions of the state of Maranhão. The findings obtained in the present study gather useful information for monitoring areas with a high incidence of the disease, thus contributing to the discussion and implementation of effective strategies to reduce cases.


Caracterizar a dinâmica epidemiológica da sífilis adquirida e da sífilis gestacional no Maranhão, entre 2010 e 2021. Métodos: Foram analisados os casos confirmados de sífilis adquirida entre 2010 e 2021 e de sífilis gestacional entre 2010 e 2020, no Maranhão, disponíveis pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: O ano de 2018 teve o maior número de notificações de sífilis adquirida (1.787 casos; p < 0,0001). O município de Duque Bacelar (Mesoregião Oriental) teve a maior taxa de incidência (285,5 por 100.000 habitantes), para a sífilis adquirida, no triênio 2016 a 2018. Em relação à sífilis gestacional, o ano de 2018 também se destacou (1.892 casos; p < 0,0001) como o com o maior número de registros. O município de Buriticupu (Mesoregião Ocidental) teve a maior taxa de detecção de sífilis gestacional (42,4 por mil nascidos vivos) no biênio 2019 e 2020. Conclusões: Os dados apresentados mostraram municípios com maiores taxas de sífilis adquirida e sífilis gestacional, concentrando-se localizados respectivamente nas Mesoregiões Leste e Oeste do Estado do Maranhão. Os achados obtidos no presente estudo reúnem informações úteis para o monitoramento de áreas com alta incidência da doença, contribuindo assim para a discussão e implementação de estratégias eficazes para a redução de casos.


Caracterizar la dinámica epidemiológica de la sífilis adquirida y la sífilis gestacional en el estado de Maranhão, entre 2010 y 2021. Métodos: Se analizaron casos confirmados de sífilis adquirida entre 2010 y 2021 y de sífilis gestacional entre 2010 y 2020, en el estado de Maranhão, disponibles por el Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: El año 2018 tuvo el mayor número de reportes de sífilis adquirida (1,787 casos; p < 0,0001). El municipio de Duque Bacelar (Mesorregión Este) tuvo la mayor tasa de incidencia (285,5 por 100.000 habitantes), por sífilis adquirida, en el trienio 2016 al 2018. En cuanto a la sífilis gestacional, también se destacó el año 2018 (1.892 casos; p < 0,0001) como el de mayor número de registros. El municipio de Buriticupu (Mesorregión Oeste) tuvo la tasa más alta de detección de sífilis gestacional (42,4 por 1.000 nacidos vivos) en el bienio 2019 y 2020. Conclusiones: Los datos presentados mostraron municipios con mayores tasas de sífilis adquirida y gestacional, concentrándose respectivamente en las Mesorregiones Este y Oeste del estado de Maranhão. Los hallazgos obtenidos en el presente estudio reúnen información útil para el seguimiento de áreas con alta incidencia de la enfermedad, contribuyendo así a la discusión e implementación de estrategias efectivas para disminuir los casos.

3.
Rev. patol. trop ; 51(1): 31-50, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411448

ABSTRACT

Tungiasis is a neglected parasitic disease caused by penetration of female Tunga penetrans under the skin, causing important health outcomes in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of tungiasis in Brazil and in its federative units. In November 2019, an investigation was carried out to find studies published from 1980 onwards in MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases, and in the gray literature, using descriptors related to the prevalence of tungiasis caused by T. penetrans in Brazil. Of the 542 studies found, only 16 published between 2002 and 2010 met the eligibility criteria to be included in this systematic review. Of the 16 selected publications, 14 addressed the prevalence of tungiasis in communities in the Northeast region of the country, one in the South and one in the Southeast. The general prevalence of the parasitosis in the studies ranged from 1.6% to 54.8%, predominantly in the five to nine age group. Eight studies considered the prevalence by gender, ranging from 2.2% to 62.2% for females and 1.1% to 62.5% for males. This systematic review presents an unprecedented survey of the prevalence of tungiasis, a parasitic disease whose dissemination is facilitated by several factors, occuring mainly in low-income communities. Considering the regionalization of the findings, the scarcity of publications, as well as disease neglect, more studies are required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Parasitic Diseases , Skin , Tunga , Tungiasis
4.
Rev. patol. trop ; 51(2): 117-133, 2022. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1413132

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological aspects and perform a spatial analysis of Chikungunya fever cases from 2017 to 2021, in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. This is an ecological, descriptive, observational, and retrospective study, conducted by collecting data on Chikungunya fever's confirmed cases in the State of Maranhão, available on the platform of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Most cases of Chikungunya fever occurred in the year 2017 (p<0.0001), in females (p=0.54), in people between 20 and 39 years old (p=0.04), and with a high school degree (p=0.25). Regarding the evolution of the disease, most cases were cured (p=0.006). The municipalities that obtained a High/High pattern of spatial correlation for the incidence rates of Chikungunya fever per 100,000 inhabitants in the State of Maranhão were located in the West and South Mesoregions in 2017; North and East in 2018; Central, North and East in 2019; North in 2020; and North, East and South in 2021. The epidemiological situation of Chikungunya fever in the State of Maranhão needs attention from public health agencies. Greater efforts towards vector and outbreaks prevention, as well as the improvement on health education programs that educate the population about the disease are necessary. Mainly in the most affected municipalities in order to effectively involve the population in reducing domestic mosquito breeder sites


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Education , Disease Outbreaks , Spatial Analysis , Chikungunya Fever , Culicidae
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 49: e20223363, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406731

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: anastomotic leak (AL) after colectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening complication. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preoperative risk factors for AL in patients submitted to colectomy. Methods: the bibliographic search covered 15 years and 9 months, from 1st January 2005 to 19th October 2020 and was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies on preoperative risk factors for AL (outcome). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for bias assessment within studies. Meta-analysis involved the calculation of treatment effects for each individual study including odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with construction of a random-effects model to evaluate the impact of each variable on the outcome. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: cross-sectional studies were represented by 39 articles, cohort studies by 21 articles and case-control by 4 articles. Meta-analysis identified 14 main risk factors for AL in CRC patients after colectomy, namely male sex (RR=1.56; 95% CI=1.40-1.75), smoking (RR=1.48; 95% CI=1.30-1.69), alcohol consumption (RR=1.35; 95% CI=1.21-1.52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.97; 95% CI=1.44-2.70), lung diseases (RR=2.14; 95% CI=1.21-3.78), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR=1.10; 95% IC=1.04-1.16), coronary artery disease (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.07-2.41), chronic kidney disease (RR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22-1.47), high ASA grades (RR=1.70; 95% CI=1.37-2.09), previous abdominal surgery (RR=1.30; 95% CI=1.04-1.64), CRC-related emergency surgery (RR=1.61; 95% CI=1.26-2.07), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR=2.16; 95% CI=1.17-4.02), radiotherapy (RR=2.36; 95% CI=1.33-4.19) and chemoradiotherapy (RR=1.58; 95% CI=1.06-2.35). Conclusions: important preoperative risk factors for colorectal AL in CRC patients have been identified based on best evidence-based research, and such knowledge should influence decisions regarding treatment.


RESUMO Objetivo: fístula anastomótica (FA) após colectomia para câncer colorretal (CCR) é complicação grave. Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise avaliou os fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA em pacientes submetidos à colectomia. Métodos: a pesquisa bibliográfica abrangeu 15 anos e 9 meses (1 de janeiro de 2005 - 19 de outubro de 2020), sendo utilizadas as plataformas PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Europe PMC e Web of Science. O critério de inclusão foram estudos transversais, coorte e caso-controle em fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA (desfecho). A escala Newcastle-Ottawa foi usada para avaliação de viés dos estudos. A metanálise envolveu o cálculo dos efeitos de tratamento para cada estudo individualmente incluindo odds ratio (OR), risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) com construção de modelo de efeitos aleatórios, para avaliar o impacto de cada variável (p<0,05). Resultados: foram selecionados 39 estudos transversais, 21 coortes e quatro casos-controle. A metanálise identificou 14 fatores de risco para FA em pacientes com CCR após colectomia, que são sexo masculino (RR=1,56; IC 95%=1,40-1,75), tabagismo (RR=1,48; IC 95%=1,30-1,69), alcoolismo (RR=1,35; IC 95%=1,21-1,52), diabetes mellitus (RR=1,97; IC 95%=1,44-2,70), doenças pulmonares (RR=2,14; IC 95%=1,21-3,78), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (RR=1,10; IC 95%=1,04-1,16), doença coronariana (RR=1,61; IC 95%=1,07-2,41), doença renal crônica (RR=1,34; IC 95%=1,22-1,47), altas notas na escala ASA (RR=1,70; IC 95%=1,37-2,09), cirurgia abdominal prévia (RR=1,30; IC 95%=1,04-1,64), cirurgia de emergência (RR=1,61; IC 95%=1,26-2,07), quimioterapia neoadjuvante (RR=2,16; IC 95%=1,17-4,02), radioterapia (RR=2,36; IC 95%=1,33-4,19) e quimiorradioterapia (RR=1,58; IC 95%=1,06-2,35). Conclusões: importantes fatores de risco pré-operatórios para FA colorretais em pacientes com CCR foram identificados com base nas melhores pesquisas baseadas em evidências e esse conhecimento deve influenciar decisões relacionadas ao tratamento.

6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0043, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406992

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Dengue is a public health problem in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze factors associated with deaths from dengue in residents of the municipality of Contagem, Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the 2016 epidemic. Methods: To determine the factors associated with deaths due to dengue, we used a logistic regression model (univariate and multivariable) in which the response variable (outcome) was death due to dengue. Independent variables analyzed included demographic variables and those related to symptoms, treatment, hospitalization, testing, comorbidities, and case history. Results: The factors associated with dengue deaths in the final multivariable model [p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI)] were age (OR = 1.07; 95%CI 1.03-1.11) and presence of bleeding (OR = 8.55; 95%CI 1.21-59.92). Conclusions: The results showed that age and the presence of bleeding factors increased the risk of dengue death. These findings indicate that warning signs of dengue should be routinely monitored, and patients should be instructed to seek medical attention when they occur. It is also emphasized that the parameters and epidemiological conditions of dengue patients need to be continuously investigated to avoid a fatal outcome.

7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0010, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387535

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease that has created challenging situations for humanity for centuries. Transmission can occur sexually or vertically, with great repercussions on populations, particularly among women and children. The present study presents information on the main burden imposed by syphilis generated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 for Brazil and its 27 federated units. Methods: We described the metrics of incidence, deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), standardized by age and per 100,000 inhabitants, from 1990 to 2019, and we compared the disease burden between the years 1990 and 2019. Results: In Brazil, the disease burden increased between 2005 and 2019 for all metrics. Although a higher incidence of syphilis was found among women in 2019, DALYs [YLLs (males: 15.9%; females: 21.8%), YLDs (males: 25.0%; females: 50.0%), and DALYs (males: 16.2%; females: 22.4%)] were higher among men. In 2019, the highest DALY rate per 100,000 inhabitants was observed in individuals aged above 50 years. The State of Maranhão presented the highest values of DALYs {1990: 165.2 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 96.2-264.4]; 2005: 43.8 [95% UI 30.3-62.4]; 2019: 29.1 [95% UI 19.8-41.1]} per 100,000 inhabitants in the three years analyzed. Conclusions: The burden of syphilis has increased in recent years. Men presented higher DALYs, although the incidence of the disease was higher in women. Syphilis affects a large number of people across all age groups, causing different degrees of disability and premature death (DALYs).

8.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 45: e84, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289859

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify and describe broadly the factors related to the occurrence of dengue epidemics in Brazil. Methods. Systematic review of studies published in Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, BVS, Web of Science, Scopus, and thesis and dissertations databases using descriptors cataloged in DeCs and MeSH on dengue and factors associated with the occurrence of epidemics, published from 2008 to 2018. Results. Thirty-five studies carried out in the country were selected. The epidemics recorded in Brazil were associated and/or correlated with multiple factors such as environment, socioeconomic conditions, climate, and aspects related to the vector, among others. Conclusions. Dengue epidemics are complex and multifactorial. The continuity of the vector control actions was found to be relevant to the reduction of Aedes aegypti and for disease control. To contain the spread of the disease, effective measures are needed in all sectors, including health, education, economy, population, business, and government. Actions for the early detection of cases of the disease can prevent new outbreaks of epidemics.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar y describir de manera amplia los factores relacionados con la aparición de epidemias de dengue en Brasil. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados en MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Cochrane, BVS, Web of Science, Scopus y en bases de datos de tesis y trabajos de final de grado con los descriptores catalogados en DeCS y MeSH sobre dengue y factores asociados con la aparición de epidemias publicados entre 2008 y 2018. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 35 estudios llevados a cabo en Brasil. Las epidemias registradas en el país se asociaron o se relacionaron con diversos factores, como el medioambiente, las condiciones socioeconómicas, el clima y aspectos relacionados con el vector, entre otros. Conclusiones. Las epidemias de dengue son complejas y multifactoriales. Se constató que la continuidad de las medidas de control de vectores es pertinente para la reducción de Aedes aegypti, así como para el control de la enfermedad. Para contener la propagación de la enfermedad son necesarias medidas eficaces en todos los sectores, como la salud, la educación, la economía, la población, las empresas y el gobierno. Las medidas de detección temprana de casos de la enfermedad pueden prevenir nuevos brotes de epidemias.


RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar e descrever, de forma geral, os fatores relacionados à ocorrência de epidemias de dengue no Brasil. Métodos. Revisão sistemática de estudos publicados entre 2008 e 2018 nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Cochrane, BVS, Web of Science e Scopus e em bancos de teses e dissertações, com o uso de descritores de dengue e de fatores associados à ocorrência de epidemias catalogados no portal DeCS/MeSH. Resultados. Trinta e cinco estudos realizados no Brasil foram selecionados. As epidemias registradas no país foram associadas e/ou correlacionadas a vários fatores como meio ambiente, condições socioeconômicas e climáticas, e aspectos relacionados ao vetor, entre outros. Conclusões. As epidemias de dengue são complexas e multifatoriais. Observou-se que ações contínuas de controle vetorial são essenciais para a redução da população de Aedes aegypti e o controle da doença. Para conter a propagação da dengue são necessárias medidas multissetoriais eficazes, abrangendo saúde, educação, economia, população, negócios e governo. As ações visando à detecção precoce de casos da doença contribuem para prevenir novos surtos epidêmicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/epidemiology , Epidemics , Brazil/epidemiology , Causality , Risk Factors
9.
Rev. patol. trop ; 50(4)2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353057

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed the progression of COVID-19 in the State of Espírito Santo, identifying the areas where the disease spread furthest. Temporal and spatial analysis were performed based on confirmed cases of the disease reported in the eSUS/VS System - State Health Department, from March 2020 to February 2021. The highest incidence was noted in July (ranging from 146.1 to 2,099.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the municipalities of Espírito Santo State), with the majority being females, people aged 20 to 39 years and residents in cities in the metropolitan region. A positive and complete high association (p < 0.05) was identified in all months, with clusters containing a greater number of municipalities in April, May and June 2020 in the Central region of the state. The results of the present study indicated a continuous spread of COVID-19 since its introduction, especially in the cities in the Central region of the State of Espírito Santo. These findings present an important aid for decision making regarding the most effective strategies to control the disease. Furthermore, individual and collective protection measures against the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 must be encouraged.


Subject(s)
Health Strategies , Decision Making , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19
10.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 24: e210020, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156025

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the entry of Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in Brazil and its federative units. Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 1980 and 2018 in databases and in the gray literature was performed using descriptors related to the years of entry of the DENV serotypes. Additionally, experts and official sources of information (Brazilian Ministry of Health) were consulted. Results: From 100 publications selected for the systematic review, 26 addressed the entry of DENV serotypes in the North region of the country, 33 in the Northeast, 24 in the Southeast, 14 in the Central-West, and five in the South. DENV-1 and DENV-4 were introduced in the North region in 1981. DENV-2 was introduced in the Southeast in 1990. DENV-3 was introduced in the North in 1999. Conclusion: The rapid expansion of dengue throughout the Brazilian territory was verified from the second half of the 1980s, with the gradual entry of the four serotypes, which resulted in the emergence of epidemics of arbovirus, which are currently verified in the country. Considering the epidemiology of the disease, more information should be disseminated and published in the wide-ranging scientific literature for a better understanding of the spread and circulation of DENV serotypes.


RESUMO: Objetivo: Descreveu-se a entrada de sorotipos do vírus da Dengue (DENV) no Brasil e em suas unidades federativas. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados entre 1980 e 2018 em bancos de dados e na literatura cinzenta, utilizando-se descritores relacionados aos anos de entrada dos sorotipos do DENV. Além disso, consultou-se especialistas e fontes oficiais de informação (Ministério da Saúde do Brasil). Resultados: Das 100 publicações selecionadas para a revisão sistemática, 26 abordaram a entrada de sorotipos de DENV na região Norte do país, 33 no Nordeste, 24 no Sudeste, 14 no Centro-Oeste e cinco no Sul. O DENV-1 e o DENV-4 foram introduzidos na região Norte em 1981. O DENV-2 foi introduzido no Sudeste em 1990. O DENV-3 foi introduzido no Norte em 1999. Conclusão: A rápida expansão da dengue por todo o território brasileiro foi verificada a partir da segunda metade dos anos de 1980, com a entrada gradativa dos quatro sorotipos, o que resultou no surgimento de epidemias da arbovirose, que são atualmente verificadas no país. Considerando a epidemiologia da doença, mais informações devem ser divulgadas e publicadas na literatura científica de amplo alcance, para melhor entendimento da propagação e circulação dos sorotipos de DENV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Serogroup , Geography
11.
Hansen. int ; 45: 1-20, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, CONASS, HANSENIASE, SESSP-ILSLPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1352534

ABSTRACT

A alta morbidade da Hanseníase tem sido associada ao acometimento neural, que pode levar a incapacidades físicas permanentes e deformidades que geram, muitas vezes, comportamentos de rejeição e discriminação da sociedade em relação ao doente. No município de Lago da Pedra, localizado no estado do Maranhão, a doença se manifesta de forma representativa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as características epidemiológicas da Hanseníase no município de Lago da Pedra, estado do Maranhão, no período de 2015 a 2020. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional e retrospectivo, em que foram analisadas as Fichas de Notificação de Hanseníase, que compõem o banco de dados oficial do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), fornecidas pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Foram confirmados 395 casos de Hanseníase no município, com predominância do gênero masculino (55,0%), faixa etária dos 30 a 39 anos (19,7%) e forma clínica Dimorfa (74,4%). A incidência por 1.000 habitantes variou de 0,95 a 2,21. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na comparação das medianas de casos de Hanseníase entre os anos (H = 11,37; p = 0,04), entre as faixas etárias (H = 10,88; p = 0,0043), entre as formas clínicas da doença (H = 21,67; p = 0,0002), mas não entre os gêneros (U = 11,50; p = 0,33). Ressalta-se que o Maranhão, estado nordestino, é considerado endêmico para a Hanseníase, tendo em vista o contexto socioeconômico da população, que é marcado por desigualdades sociais, inclusive na saúde, influenciando no alto número de casos diagnosticados da doença


The high morbidity of leprosy has been associated with neural involvement, which can lead to permanent physical disabilities and deformities, which often generate society's rejection and discrimination towards the patient. In the municipality of Lago da Pedra, located in the state of Maranhão, the disease manifests itself in a representative way. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in the municipality of Lago da Pedra, state of Maranhão, from 2015 to 2020. This is a descriptive, observational and retrospective study that analyzed the Notification Sheets of Leprosy, which make up the official database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), provided by the Municipal Health Department. A total of 395 cases of leprosy were confirmed in the city, with a predominance of males (55.0%), age group from 30 to 39 years old (19.7%) and borderline clinical form (74.4%). The incidence rate per 1,000 in-habitants ranged from 0.95 to 2.21. There was a statistically significant difference in the com-parison of medians of leprosy cases between years (H = 11.37; p = 0.04), between age groups (H = 10.88; p = 0.0043), between forms disease clinics (H = 21.67; p = 0.0002), but not between genders (U = 11.50; p = 0.33). It is noteworthy that Maranhão, northeastern state, is considered endemic for leprosy, given the socioeconomic context of the population, which is marked by social inequalities, health access included, influencing the high number of cases of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Information Systems , Leprosy/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Delivery of Health Care
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e 20180347, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977117

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The recent circulation of arboviruses transmitted by vectors, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, is concerning due to the high morbidity rates, clinical complications, and increased demand on health services. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of an epidemic caused by arboviruses in the municipality of Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Longitudinal study of patients with acute febrile disease and suspected arbovirus infection reported to Brazilian Notifiable Disease Information System (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) from the epidemiological week 44 of 2015 to epidemiological week 52 of 2016. Patients with confirmed chikungunya were followed-up for 18 months and those with Zika for 15 months. Additionally, we analyzed and described the temporal distribution of confirmed cases of these arboviruses in this municipality. RESULTS: Overall 3,531 arboviruses cases, including 3,481 (98.7%) cases of dengue, 38 (1.0%) cases of chikungunya, and 12 (0.3%) cases of Zika were confirmed. The highest incidence of arbovirus infection occurred in the first quarter of 2016 (epidemiological week 7 to 14). The most frequent symptoms were for dengue, which included fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, and exanthema. Chikungunya infection was associated with fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and rash while Zika infection with pruritus and rash. CONCLUSIONS: Given the similarities in the initial clinical profiles of these arboviruses, it is important to perform a detailed clinical analysis, laboratory diagnosis, and patient follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Dengue/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Longitudinal Studies , Disease Notification , Endemic Diseases , Middle Aged
13.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 20(supl.1): 205-216, Mai. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-843762

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever as principais métricas sobre dengue geradas pelo Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2015, para o Brasil e suas 27 unidades federadas, nos anos de 2000 e 2015. Métodos: As métricas descritas foram: taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por dengue, padronizadas por idade, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) e disability adjusted life years (DALY) (frequência absoluta e taxas padronizadas por idade). As métricas estimadas foram apresentadas com intervalos de incerteza (II 95%) para 2000 e 2015, acompanhadas da variação relativa percentual. Resultados: Verificou-se aumento de 232,7% no número de casos e de 639,0% no número de mortes entre os anos de 2000 e 2015 no país. A taxa de incidência variou 184,3% e a taxa de mortalidade mostrou-se baixa, mas com aumento de 500,0% no período avaliado. As taxas de YLL, YLD e DALY aumentaram 420,0, 187,2 e 266,1%, respectivamente. Em 2015, DALY foi semelhante entre mulheres e homens (21,9/100.000). O DALY aumentou mais que o dobro em todas as unidades da federação. Conclusão: O aumento acentuado de dengue ao longo dos anos associa-se à introdução e/ou circulação de um ou mais sorotipos do vírus e crescente proporção de pacientes acometidos pela forma grave da doença. Apesar da baixa taxa de mortalidade, a dengue contribui para considerável perda de anos saudáveis de vida no Brasil por acometer elevado número de pessoas, de todas as faixas etárias, ocasionando algum grau de incapacidade durante a infecção sintomática, e em razão dos óbitos, principalmente, em crianças.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the main metrics on dengue generated by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2015, for Brazil and its 27 federated units, in the years 2000 and 2015. Methods: The metrics described were: incidence and mortality rates by dengue, standardized by age, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) (in absolute frequency and age-standardized rates). The estimated metrics were presented with uncertainty intervals (UI 95%) for the years 2000 and 2015, accompanied by the relative percentages of changes. Results: The number of cases increased 232.7% and the number of deaths increased 639.0% between 2000 and 2015 in the country. The incidence rate varied 184.3% and the mortality rate was low, but with an increase of 500.0% in the period evaluated. The YLL, YLD, and DALY rates increased 420.0, 187.2, and 266.1%, respectively. In 2015, DALY was similar among women and men (21.9/100,000). The DALY increased more than double in all the Brazilian federated units. Conclusion: The marked increase in dengue over the years is associated with the introduction and/or circulation of one or more serotypes of the transmitter virus and an increasing proportion of patients affected by the severe form of the disease. Despite the low mortality rate of the disease in comparison between the years of study, the disease contributes to the loss of healthy years of life in Brazil as it affects a large number of people, from all age groups, causing some degree of disability during the infection and deaths, especially, in children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Dengue/epidemiology , Global Burden of Disease/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Middle Aged
14.
Rev. patol. trop ; 45(1): 121-131, fev. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-913012

ABSTRACT

A survey of the Anopheles species was conducted in the municipality of São Mateus, in the state of Maranhão. Species hematophagy habits, the influence of seasonality as well as the vector's infection by Plasmodium were studied. The female Anopheles mosquitoes were captured between February and December 2010 and in March 2012, from 18h00 to 21h00, in intra and peridomiciles. PCR was used for the infection studies. A total 615 specimens of Anopheles were captured, of which 223 (36.2%) in the locality of Piquizeiro and 392 (63.8%) on the Retiro Velho Farm belonging to the species An. nuneztovari, An. darlingi, An. triannulatus, An. albitarsise, and An. oswaldoi. In Piquizeiro most specimens were captured in the intradomiciliary area, while on the Retiro Velho Farm they were mostly found in the peridomiciliary area. The results show the influence of seasonality and time of capture in the hematophagy frequency of the captured Anopheles. The negative result for Plasmodium infection demonstrates a reduction in the number of malaria cases in the State during the study period


Subject(s)
Plasmodium , Infections , Malaria , Anopheles , Culicidae
15.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2016. 144 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-942646

ABSTRACT

Dengue é considerada a mais relevante arbovirose que afeta seres humanos, e constitui grave problema de saúde pública. A detecção de Dengue virus (DENV) por RT-PCR em Tempo Real, em mosquitos vetores do gênero Aedes, tem se mostrado importante ferramenta na vigilância epidemiológica. A presente pesquisa verificou a presença de DENV em mosquitos fêmeas de Ae. aegypti e Ae. albopictus nos Distritos Sanitários (DS) Pampulha, Norte e Leste, de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram utilizadas armadilhas BG-Sentinel Full Version®, em capturas semanais de mosquitos, realizadas em quatro períodos: primeiro (dezembro de 2010 a maio de 2011), segundo (outubro de 2011 a maio de 2012), terceiro (outubro de 2012 a maio de 2013) e quarto (outubro de 2013 a maio de 2014). Foi instalado um total de 60 armadilhas (20 por DS). Após a identificação, as fêmeas de Ae. aegypti foram separadas em pools formados por um até 10 exemplares, e as fêmeas de Ae. albopictus foram separadas de forma individual. Procedeu-se com extração de RNA viral e RT-PCR em Tempo Real para a pesquisa de DENV. Foram coletadas 10.662 fêmeas de Ae. aegypti sendo 1.504 (14,10%), 2.516 (23,59%), 3.728 (34,98%) e 2.914 (27,33%) no primeiro, segundo, terceiro e quarto períodos respectivamente. Estas fêmeas foram agrupadas em 6.056 pools, dos quais 343 (5,66%) foram positivos para o DENV. Em relação ao Ae. albopictus foram coletadas 511 fêmeas, sendo 117 (22,89%), 44 (8,61%), 199 (38,96%) e 151 (29,54%) no primeiro, segundo, terceiro e quarto períodos respectivamente. Destas, 79 (15,45%) foram positivas para o vírus. Houve elevada ocorrência de fêmeas deAe. aegypti e Ae. albopictus nas áreas pesquisadas, positivas para o DENV. Isso mostra a importância da adoção de medidas de controle no sentido de reduzir as notificações da infecção em seres humanos.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Aedes/parasitology , Dengue Virus/pathogenicity , Dengue/prevention & control
16.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(8): 2295-2300, Ago. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-680958

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um inquérito amostral (743 questionários), realizado nos meses de abril a novembro de 2009 em dez escolas públicas municipais, previamente sorteadas e localizadas em oito bairros da cidade de Caxias. Avaliou-se por meio da aplicação de questionários fechados, o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), seu vetor e prevenção. Os resultados mostraram mudanças com maior percentual de acertos quanto às respostas sobre a transmissão da doença e quanto aos sintomas da LV no homem e no cão após as campanhas. Contudo, as campanhas educativas são necessárias como medidas para fortalecer a participação da população no combate à LV, pois antes do trabalho educativo a maioria dos estudantes disse que se prevenia da doença evitando contato com cães doentes, entretanto, após as campanhas os mesmos disseram evitar acúmulo de lixo. A pesquisa pode servir como subsídio para orientar novas ações educativas das equipes locais de controle da LV.


This is a sample survey (743 questionnaires) conducted in the months from April to November 2009 in ten pre-selected public schools located in eight districts of the city of Caxias. The students' knowledge of viral leishmaniasis (VL) and its transmission and prevention was evaluated through closed questionnaires. The results showed changes with the highest percentage of correct answers for answers about the transmission of disease and the symptoms of VL in humans and dogs after the campaign. However, educational campaigns are necessary measures to strengthen public participation in combating VL since before the educational work the majority of students stated that the disease was prevented by avoiding contact with sick dogs, however, after the campaign they stated that they avoid accumulations of trash. The research may serve as input to orient further educational actions of local teams for the control of VL.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Students , Brazil , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control , Public Sector , Surveys and Questionnaires , Schools
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(2): 174-179, Mar.-Apr. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625171

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, with cases reported annually in tropical and subtropical regions. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), the main vector of dengue, is a domiciliary species with high dispersal and survival capacities and can use various artificial containers as breeding sites. We assessed potential container breeding sites of A. aegypti in the municipality of Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: In the initial phase, we analyzed 900 properties in 3 neighborhoods during the dry and rainy seasons (August-October 2005 and February-April 2006, respectively). During the second sampling period, September 2006-August 2007, we used 5 assessment cycles for 300 properties in a single neighborhood. RESULTS: During the dry and rainy seasons, water-storage containers comprised 55.7% (n = 1,970) and 48.5% (n = 1,836) of the total containers inspected, and showed the highest productivity of immature A. aegypti; we found 23.7 and 106.1 individuals/container, respectively, in peridomicile sites. In intradomicile sites, water-storage containers were also the most important breeding sites with 86.4% (n = 973) and 85.6% (n = 900) of all containers and a mean of 7.9 and 108.3 individuals/container in the dry and rainy seaso-October 2006 (1,342). The highest number of positives (70) was recorded in May, mostly (94%) in storage containers. CONCLUSIONS: Storage containers are the principal and most productive A. aegypti breeding sites and are a major contributing factor to the maintenance of this vector in Caxias.


INTRODUÇÃO: A dengue constitui de um sério problema de saúde pública mundial, com casos sendo registrados anualmente nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. O Aedes aegypti(Linnaeus, 1762) é o principal vetor da doença, um mosquito domiciliado de fácil dispersão e sobrevivência, com capacidade de utilizar variados recipientes artificiais como criadouro. Em vista disso, neste trabalho investigou-se os tipos de recipientes potenciais criadouros de A. aegypti na Cidade de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Inicialmente, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três bairros e 900 imóveis analisados no período da seca e das chuvas (agosto a outubro de 2005 e fevereiro a abril de 2006, respectivamente). Um segundo período de amostragem ocorreu de setembro de 2006 a agosto de 2007 em que inspeções de cinco ciclos foram desenvolvidas em um dos bairros com 300 imóveis amostrados. RESULTADOS: Os recipientes de armazenamento de água representaram 55,7% (n=1.970) e 48,5% (n=1.836) do total dos inspecionados, e maior produtividade de imaturos de A. aegypti, com proporção de 23,7 e 106,1 por recipiente no peridomicílio, nas estações seca e chuvosa respectivamente. No intradomicílio, também foi mais representativo, 86,4% (n=973) e 84,6% (n=900), apresentando média de 7,9 e 108,3 indivíduos, nas duas estações. O maior número de recipientes com água foi registrado em setembro e outubro 2006 (1.342), obtendo-se maior número de positivos (70) no mês de maio, sendo (94%) pertencentes ao grupo armazenamento. CONCLUSÕES: Armazenamento são os principais criadouros de A. aegypti, contribuindo na manutenção do vetor na cidade de Caxias, Maranhão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aedes/physiology , Disease Reservoirs , Insect Vectors/physiology , Aedes/classification , Brazil , Insect Vectors/classification , Population Density , Seasons
18.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(11): 4367-4373, nov. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-606557

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um inquérito amostral (700 entrevistas) realizado em 14 Escolas Públicas da Rede Municipal de Ensino na cidade de Caxias, Estado do Maranhão. O inquérito foi realizado entre julho e dezembro de 2007, em escolas localizadas em sete bairros periféricos da zona oeste, os quais apresentaram registros de alta densidade de imaturos de Aedes aegypti nos últimos três anos. Avaliou-se por meio da aplicação de questionário fechado, o conhecimento dos escolares sobre o dengue, seu vetor e prevenção. Os resultados mostraram que as escolas do bairro Trizidela, com melhores condições sociais e urbanas em relação aos demais bairros periféricos, apresentaram estudantes com conhecimentos mais adequados. Contudo, as campanhas educativas são necessárias como medidas para fortalecer as mudanças de comportamento da população, pois foi mencionada a existência de criadouros nas áreas examinadas, com maior prevalência dos recipientes de armazenamento no bairro Tamarineiro. A pesquisa pode servir como subsídio para orientar novas ações educativas das equipes locais de controle do dengue.


This study describes a survey (n=700) carried out in 14 elementary schools in the municipality of Caxias, State of Maranhão, Brazil. The survey was conducted between July and December 2007 in schools from seven neighborhoods on the outskirts of the western part of the municipality, where for the past three years high densities of immature Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have been recorded. The students' knowledge of dengue, its vector, and disease prevention was evaluated by targeted questionnaires. The students with the most comprehensive knowledge were found in schools in the Trizidela neighborhood, which has better social and urban conditions than the other neighborhoods. Moreover, educational campaigns are necessary to reinforce behavioral changes of the population, because the existence of breeding sites in the areas examined was mentioned, especially in the Tamarineiro neighborhood. The survey can be used to assist with new educational activities of local teams working with dengue control.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Dengue/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Brazil , Students
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